Adhesive capsulitis is now the term used by the medical profession to describe frozen shoulder a condition which describes pain and stiffness in the shoulder. Its cause is unknown but is more common in the middle aged population. It also more commonly occurs in the non dominant arm. It is not to be confused with shoulder tendonitis or bursitis  which may also cause similar symptoms. How is it diagnosed? A chartered physiotherapist will take a full history of the problem then examine the shoulder joints range of motion and strenght. If pain levels are high the patient may need to be referred to their G.P. or an orthopaedic physician for appropriate medication and/or injection of the joint. Physiotherapy will be started immediately . Physiotherapy Treatment If pain levels are high electrotherapy such as interferential or T.E.N.S. can be used to help. Hot/cold treatment can also help. Manual joint mobilisations will be used in conjunction with loosening exercises and stretching to restore lost movement. Advise will be given on finding positions of ease and sleeping postures. An individual home exercise regime will be prescribed and a printed handout given to take home for reference.